Occupy Central
Occupy Central is a civil disobedience movement which began in Hong Kong on September 28, 2014. It calls on thousands of protesters to block roads and paralyse Hong Kong's financial district if the Beijing and Hong Kong governments do not agree to implement universal suffrage for the chief executive election in 2017 and the Legislative Council elections in 2020 according to "international standards." The movement was initiated by Benny Tai Yiu-ting (戴耀廷), an associate professor of law at the University of Hong Kong, in January 2013.
Umbrella Movement
The Umbrella Movement (Chinese: 雨傘運動; pinyin: yǔsǎn yùndòng) is a loose political movement that was created spontaneously during the Hong Kong protests of 2014. Its name derives from the recognition of the umbrella as a symbol of defiance and resistance against the Hong Kong government, and the united grass-roots objection to the decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC) of 31 August.
The movement consists of individuals numbering in the tens of thousands who participated in the protests that began on 28 September 2014, although Scholarism, the Hong Kong Federation of Students, Occupy Central with Love and Peace, groups are principally driving the demands for the rescission of the NPCSC decision.
The movement consists of individuals numbering in the tens of thousands who participated in the protests that began on 28 September 2014, although Scholarism, the Hong Kong Federation of Students, Occupy Central with Love and Peace, groups are principally driving the demands for the rescission of the NPCSC decision.
Occupy Central site in an area surrounding the Legislative Council and Central Government Offices at Tamar were cleared 22-06-2015.
Hong Kong reform vote
The Hong Kong government’s political reform proposal for how the city elects its leader by universal suffrage for the first time in 2017 is based on a strict framework set by Beijing. The plan limits the number of candidates to two or three and requires them to win majority support from a 1,200 strong nominating committee. Arguing that this does not constitute genuine universal suffrage, pan-democratic lawmakers have vowed to reject the package, while pro-democracy groups have protested. The government’s resolution was to be put to a vote by the 70-member Legislative Council in June 2015, requiring a two-thirds majority to be passed.
POST OCCUPY CENTRAL - DAY 276
POST REFORM VOTE：DAY 91 (17-09-2015)
POST REFORM VOTE：DAY 91 (17-09-2015)
Full coverage of the day’s events
Coconuts HKFrontline
Above the law: China official undermines Hong Kong’s core values
Unsurprisingly the comments by Zhang Xiaoming, the head of the central government’s liaison office in Hong Kong, have set off ripples of alarm and unease in the SAR. Again we have a senior mainland official apparently undermining one of the key elements that distinguishes Hong Kong from the mainland – its rule of law. Zhang reportedly said that Hong Kong’s Chief Executive is above the law.
“Hong Kong is not a political system that exercises the separation of powers; not before the handover, not after the handover,” he reportedly said. He went on to say that the separation of powers “is usually established in sovereign states”, and so it is “at best” only a reference for Hong Kong. By this stage readers might begin to wonder if Zhang actually understands the concept of the separation of powers. Clearly he appears unaware that it is an integral part of the governance of the 50 states that make up the United States of America.
Zhang Xiaoming. Photo: NowTV screengrab.
It can be seen be seen from even a cursory reading of the Basic Law that Zhang’s comments about the separation of powers and the Basic Law are just plain wrong. Article 64 of the Basic Laws says, “ The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region must abide by the law and be 
accountable to the Legislative Council of the Region.” The Basic Law says the Chief Executive can be impeached by the Legislative Council under certain conditions. Article 85 says, “The courts of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall exercise judicial power independently, free from any interference. Members of the judiciary shall be immune from legal action in the performance of their judicial functions.”
accountable to the Legislative Council of the Region.” The Basic Law says the Chief Executive can be impeached by the Legislative Council under certain conditions. Article 85 says, “The courts of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall exercise judicial power independently, free from any interference. Members of the judiciary shall be immune from legal action in the performance of their judicial functions.”
Dousing the flames
Pro-Beijing supporters in Hong Kong, and unfortunately that includes Hong Kong government ministers, have been quick to say that his comments don’t amount to much and that he is not saying anything which hasn’t been said before. It is true that in recent years mainland officials like Zhang have increasingly been making outrageous and provocative remarks and claiming they are in line with the Basic Law.
Pro-Beijing supporters in Hong Kong, and unfortunately that includes Hong Kong government ministers, have been quick to say that his comments don’t amount to much and that he is not saying anything which hasn’t been said before. It is true that in recent years mainland officials like Zhang have increasingly been making outrageous and provocative remarks and claiming they are in line with the Basic Law.
Last year’s notorious white paper produced by the State Council caused shock waves in Hong Kong in saying that judges should be ‘patriots’ and described them as no more than government administrators or officials charged with upholding national security. It went on to say that many people in Hong Kong were “confused in their understanding of “one country, two systems” and the Basic Law. Many wrong views that are currently rife in Hong Kong concerning its economy, society and development of its political structure are attributable to this.”
Photo: Woofer Ten.
A terrible misunderstanding
It should be recalled that the system of one country two systems was introduced so that after the handover China took over Hong Kong as a going concern. It was felt necessary by both sides to introduce the system to provide Hong Kong people with a measure of confidence that their way of life and values would continue after 1997. Clearly a more stridently confident and aggressive Beijing government doesn’t like being reminded of promises of universal suffrage, or other commitments related to one country two systems, which were made by another government a long time ago. The very idea of making relatively liberal concessions, even ones that the Beijing government agreed to, runs counter to the prevailing mood in China right now. This is a government that is cracking down on human rights lawyers in the mainland, tightening censorship and making grandiose territorial claims that it owns virtually the entire South China Sea. This is not a government that wants to be seen as ’soft’ on democracy for Hong Kong.
It should be recalled that the system of one country two systems was introduced so that after the handover China took over Hong Kong as a going concern. It was felt necessary by both sides to introduce the system to provide Hong Kong people with a measure of confidence that their way of life and values would continue after 1997. Clearly a more stridently confident and aggressive Beijing government doesn’t like being reminded of promises of universal suffrage, or other commitments related to one country two systems, which were made by another government a long time ago. The very idea of making relatively liberal concessions, even ones that the Beijing government agreed to, runs counter to the prevailing mood in China right now. This is a government that is cracking down on human rights lawyers in the mainland, tightening censorship and making grandiose territorial claims that it owns virtually the entire South China Sea. This is not a government that wants to be seen as ’soft’ on democracy for Hong Kong.
So it plays well back in Beijing when senior mainland officials take a swing at those uppity types in Hong Kong and their inflated notions of a ‘high degree of autonomy.’ It may well be a good career move to show they are capable of dishing it out in Hong Kong.
Chief Executive Leung Chun-Ying. Photo: Apple Daily.
It is disappointing that Hong Kong officials don’t push back at these comments. Instead they simper and smile and say the officials have been misunderstood or their comments have been taken out of context. This reluctance on the part of Hong Kong officials to stand up to the mainland government over these issues is another reason why people don’t trust the chief executive to look out for the interests of Hong Kong people and why so many want to vote for their own leader.
One system
So how should Zhang’s comments be viewed? If half of what he says was actually enacted then we can kiss goodbye, if we haven’t already, to one country two systems and the rule of law and separation of powers. These concepts would become effectively meaningless. But the real test is if anyone tries to carry out what was suggested. But it is hard to imagine how this would be enacted without a local and possibly and international outcry. Even the most basic definitions of the rule of law involves the separation of powers and holding officials accountable.
So how should Zhang’s comments be viewed? If half of what he says was actually enacted then we can kiss goodbye, if we haven’t already, to one country two systems and the rule of law and separation of powers. These concepts would become effectively meaningless. But the real test is if anyone tries to carry out what was suggested. But it is hard to imagine how this would be enacted without a local and possibly and international outcry. Even the most basic definitions of the rule of law involves the separation of powers and holding officials accountable.
So Zhang’s comments are perhaps no more than sabre rattling to coincide with the anniversary of the Occupy movement and the looming National Day holiday. Perhaps it’s no more than a bit of muscle flexing to remind people who the boss is. Maybe it’s a show of support for Chief Executive CY Leung. He’s played his part so now Zhang is telling Hong Kong people,” He’s our guy, we put him in this position and we don’t like seeing people messing about with him.” Perhaps its one of the mainland’s ways of creating a ‘new normal’ and managing down expectations for universal suffrage.
Photo: Stand News.
Without wishing to appear overly cynical, these comments are a useful exercise for the Beijing government in that they flush out those groups and individuals in Hong Kong that still have the stomach to push back. They can then be targeted for “guidance” by United Front organisations or National Security Bureau operatives.
Some 10-15 year ago, Zhang’s comments would have rattled the stock market. Officials were more careful then about what they said as they didn’t want to worry people or undermine business confidence. But these days people in Hong Kong have become used to officials shooting from the hip and reinterpreting the Basic law on the run, as it were. But given the current hardline environment in mainland China – its power and wealth – you wonder how bothered the Beijing government would be if confidence did begin to slide and people and businesses began moving out of Hong Kong. In days gone by Hong Kong’s rule of law and other qualities that distinguished it from the mainland were clearly valued by Beijing. These days you get the impression that Hong Kong is viewed by Beijing as a bit of a pain with its insistent demands that promises of universal suffrage, should be fulfilled. Indeed you wonder if Beijing might not be too unhappy if Hong Kong lost some of those features that differentiated it from other mainland cities and it became just another city in China. Maybe Zhang’s comments are a function of that kind of thinking.
New ‘Occupy’ G.O.D. T-shirt says ‘I did it on Harcourt Road’
Local fashion brand Goods Of Desire (G.O.D.) is selling a new T-shirt that says “I did it on Harcourt Road.” At the top of the T-shirt, it also says “I Occupied Central” with the brand’s logo.
On the G.O.D. website, the description reads, “‘Harcourt Road’ is a major road that runs through Admiralty in Hong Kong. It connects the Central district to Wanchai. ‘Harcourt Road’ appeared quite a bit in the press last year when the thoroughfare was shut down for more than two months causing major traffic delays.”
New G.O.D. T-shirt ‘I did it on Harcourt Road’. Photo: G.O.D.
The new T-shirt was seen on sale just two weeks before the one year anniversary of the pro-democracy occupy protest. The protest opposed the universal suffrage framework set by China’s National People’s Congress, which stipulated that candidates for the Chief Executive election must first be vetted by a nomination committee.
G.O.D.’s founder Douglas Young Chi-chiu visited the pro-democracy occupy protest site in Admiralty last year.
Standing on one of its landmarks, the ‘Lennon Wall’, a staircase covered in thousands of post-it notes supporting the protest, Youngtold CNN: “Mr. Chief Executive, please don’t tear down this wall. It’s beautiful.”
Douglas Young at Lennon Wall. Photo: CNN.
However, Young was also in an ad campaign in June this year with the pro-establishment ‘Our Hong Kong Foundation’ —founded by former Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa— in which he said, “Rome wasn’t built in a day, everything has its order.”
The foundation said the ad campaign was launched in June to encourage Hong Kong people to unite and push for democracy within the framework of ‘One Country, Two Systems’. The foundation opposed last year’s Occupy protests.
Young was arrested in November 2007 for possessing ‘books, accounts, writing, lists of members, seals, banners or insignia of, or relating to, any triad society’ when G.O.D. launched some controversial T-shirts with ’14K’ printed in Cantonese characters on them.
The charges were dismissed by the police in January 2008.
Update 11:28am 16/09: In an email reply to HKFP, Douglas Young said “I have been vocal with my criticisms of the government… but that does not mean that I am against all that it stands for.”
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