SQ4R六步學習法

SQ4R六步學習法

在美國學者戴維思先生 (Mr Davis) 編著的「這樣學習最有效」中，其中一種學習方法是「SQ4R 六步學習法」。
以閱讀為例：
S是 Survey (瀏覽)：先快速閱讀書本的前言、目錄、結論、索引，以便建立對該本書的整體概念及方向感，從而提高對該書的閱讀興趣。
Q是 Question (題問)：隨著問自已己經了解與想知道該書的主題及對該書中概念的疑問，以便建立吸收該書中新知識的學習心態。
第一個 R是 Read (閱讀)：跟著是略讀該書一遍，以便要理解大意、留意重點、主要概念，有必要時更可摘錄。
第二個 R是 Recite (複述)：選擇重點複述出來，用意是加強印象。
第三個 R是 Revise (修訂)：用自己的說話再一次陳述重點，以便修正複述時的錯誤或遺漏，並可給予自己機會整合不同來源的資料。
第四個 R是 Review (溫習)：運用回想主要的概念，借助關鍵重點字或者重點句進行溫習，以達到融會貫通，甚至舉一反三。
總括而言，SQ4R 能幫助主動學習，令你產生好的學習成果而建立信心，以增強學習的興趣。

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SQ4R不但能幫助主動學習，更能因為產生好的學習成果而建立信心、增強學習的興趣。若能將SQ4R應用到日常生活也是很好的技巧，例如打算出國旅遊時，行前先將資料蒐集瀏覽 (Survey) 過，了解旅行的目的 (Question)，閱讀選定的行程 (Read)，將預定的行程和親朋好友討論(Recite)，看看他們的反應，再試著用不同的角度說明 (Revise)。當然，在愉快的旅行後，別忘了和親友分享得意的旅遊照片或V8 (Review)，如此一來，化走馬看花為體驗生命的旅程，保證每次「出走」都能更圓滿下一段的生命，學習也能真正落實在生命的每一刻。

 

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  SQ4R Reading Methodhttp://www.wvup.edu/academics/learning_center/sq4r_reading_method.htm

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Survey

Question

Read

Recite

Relate

Review

SQ4R method improves both comprehension and grades.

Before you read, Survey the chapter	· The title, headings, and subheadings. · Captions under pictures, charts, graphs or maps. · Review questions or teacher-made study guides. · Introductory and concluding paragraphs. · Summary. · Try to get an overview of what lies ahead.
Question while you are surveying	· Turn the title, headings, and/or subheadings into questions. · Read questions at the end of the chapters or after each subheading. · Ask yourself, "What did my instructor say about this chapter or subject when it was assigned?" · Ask yourself, "What do I already know about this subject?" · Example, the heading "Stages of Sleep" might lead you to ask: "Is there more than one stage of sleep?" What are they and how do they differ?" Asking questions helps you read with a purpose. Note:  If it is helpful to you, write out these questions for consideration.  This variation is called SQW4R
When you begin toRead	· Look for answers to the questions you first raised. · Answer questions at the beginning or end of chapters or study guides. · Reread captions under pictures, graphs, etc. · Note all the underlined, italicized, bold printed words or phrases. · Study graphic aids. · Reduce your speed for difficult passages. · Stop and reread parts which are not clear. · Read only a section at a time and recite after each section.
Recite after you've read a section:	· Orally ask yourself questions about what you have just read and/or summarize, in your own words, what you read. · Take notes from the text but write the information in your own words. · Underline/highlight important points you've just read. · Use the method of recitation which best suits your particular learning style. · Remember to look for answers as you read and to recite or take notes before moving on. · Recite key terms and concepts.
Relate	· It is easier to remember ideas that are personally meaningful. · When you study a chapter, try to link new facts, terms, and concepts with information you already know.
Review an ongoing process.	· When you’re done reading, skim back over the chapter, or read your notes. Then check your memory by reciting and quizzing yourself again. · Make frequent review a key part of your study habits.

 

 

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Study Skills The SQ4R Method of Study
What is SQ4R?
http://www.fastol.com/~renkwitz/sq4r_study_method.htm

• SQ4R is a versatile study strategy because it engages the reader during each phase of the reading process.
• Readers preview/SURVEY (S) the text material to develop predictions and set the purpose for the reading by generating QUESTIONS (Q) about the topic.
• They READ (1R) actively, searching for answers to those questions.
• They monitor their comprehension as they summarize WRITE (2R) & RECITE (3R).
• They evaluate their comprehension through REVIEW (4R) activities.

What is READING?

• There are many meanings for reading, but the simplest is to CONSTRUCT MEANING FROM TEXT.
• First and foremost you read for MEANING and UNDERSTANDING.
• The correct READING SPEED is the one that gets you that meaning and understanding.
• Reading is an art form and good readers do certain things that get them the meaning that the process is designed to extract.
• Learning anything involves putting yourself in the proper mode that will help insure that meaning can be gotten from the text.

What you need to know to enhance your comprehension:

• 1. I begin with what I already know (activating prior knowledge).
• 2. I always try to make sense of what I am reading (context).
• 3. I ask myself questions; before, during and after reading.
• 4. I predict and think about what will happen next in the text, or how my questions will be answered.
• 5. I read with purpose. I know why I am reading and what I am reading to find out.
• 6. I know that as a good reader I often REREAD parts of, or even, the whole text two or more times in order to make sense of what I am reading.

• Two general learning components must be addressed as you begin the reading process and the SQ4R method will activate them.
• First, place the reading in CONTEXT . What is the reading about and do I have any prior knowledge about this subject to help me extract the meaning that I'm after ?
• The SURVEY and SYSTEMATIC reading puts this process into motion. You get an overview that will "jog your memory" as you search for prior knowledge on the subject.
• Ask questions about what you don't know.
• Make the questions simple and general if you don't have much prior knowledge and more specific if this is an area of study that is familiar to you.
• Using these questions will GUIDE YOUR SPEED AND COMPREHENSION as you attempt to answer them.

• THE STUDENT THAT IS ENGAGED IN READING IS MOTIVATED, STRATEGIC, KNOWLEDGEABLE, AND SOCIALLY INTERACTIVE.

• READING IS A PROCESS THAT MUST INCLUDE THINKING BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER READING.

How to Use It

1. Survey what you are about to read:Systematic Reading

• Think about the title: What do you know about this subject?
• What do I want to know?
• Glance over headings and/skim the first sentences of paragraphs.
• Look at illustrations and graphic aids.
• Read the first paragraph.
• Read the last paragraph or summary.

2. Question

• Turn the title into a question. This becomes the major purpose for your reading.
• Write down any questions that come to mind during the survey.
• Turn headings into questions.
• Turn subheadings, illustrations, and graphic aids into questions.
• Write down unfamiliar vocabulary and determine the meaning.

3. Read Actively

• Read to search for answers to questions.
• Respond to questions and use context clues for unfamiliar words.
• React to unclear passages, confusing terms, and questionable statements by generating additional questions.

4. Recite

• Look away from the answers and the book to recall what was read.
• Recite answers to questions aloud or in writing.
• Reread text for unanswered questions.

5. Write

• Make "maps" for yourself.
• Reduce the information
• Reread or skim to locate and prove your points.
• Write down the key terms and ideas in outline form or using the Cornell Note Taking System.
• Always read/question/recite before marking or taking down notes.
• Check yourself against the text. Correct and add to your answer.

6. Review

• Answer the major purpose questions.
• Look over answers and all parts of the chapter to organize the information.
• Summarize the information learned by creating a graphic organizer (concept map) that depicts the main ideas, by drawing a flow chart, by writing a summary, by participating in a group discussion, or by writing an explanation of how this material has changed your perceptions or applies to your life.

Study Strategies -- SQ4R

1. Survey : Psych yourself up..

• Intend to remember.
• Anticipate test questions.

2. Question: Use previous knowledge.

• Intend to remember.
• Anticipate test questions.

3. Read: Be selective.

• Create meaningful organization.

4. Recite: Put ideas in your own words.

5. Write: Make "maps" for yourself.

• Reduce the information

6. Review: Further reduce the information.

• Find personal applications.

Survey :Systematic Reading Technique

1. First Steps

• a. Read title, topic sentence in each paragraph, and introductory paragraph(s).
• b. Read headings, subheadings, and italicized words.
• c. Read Summary at the end of the chapter.

2. Question: Use previous knowledge.

• a. Intend to remember.
• b. Anticipate test questions.
• c. Turn each heading and subtitle into a question.
• d. Who? What? When? Where? Why? How?
• e. Restate the questions from headings to help fix them in your mind.

 

4Rs Techniques

3. Read: Elementary and In-depth-Be selective.

• a. Create meaningful organization.
• b. Read only the material covered under one heading or subheading at a time.
• c. Read ideas, not just words.
• d. Read aggressively, with the intent of getting answers, of noting supporting details, and of remembering.

4. Recite: Put ideas in your own words.

• a. Look away from the book and then "recite" (out loud) the major concepts of the section.
• b. Check your answers referring to the book.
• c. Answer the questions that you raised before you began to read.
• d. Answer fully, and be sure to include the reasons the author believes the answer is true.
• e. Recall the answer and do not refer to the book.

5. Write: Make "maps" for yourself.

• a. Reduce the information
• b. Reread or skim to locate and prove your points.
• c. Write down the key terms and ideas in outline form or using the Cornell System.
• d. Always read/question/recite before marking or taking down notes.
• e. Check yourself against the text. Correct and add to your answer.

6. Review: Further reduce the information.

• a. Find personal applications.
• b. Look over your notes and headings and subheadings in the text. Get an overall view of the main points.
• c. Recall subpoints under each main point.
• d. Aim to do an immediate review and later review. Studies show that with immediate review you can retain 80% of what you covered.
• e. Go back periodically and test yourself to see how much you remember. Don't put off review until the night before the test.

Summary of SQ4R Method of Study
1. Survey : Psych yourself up.
2. Question: Use previous knowledge.
·                     Intend to remember.
·                     Anticipate test questions.
3. Read: Be selective.
·                     Create meaningful organization.
4. Recite: Put ideas in your own words.
5. Write: Make "maps" for yourself.
·                     Reduce the information
6. Review: Further reduce the information.
·                     Find personal applications.

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